Electric motor.



PATENTED APR. 26, 1904.

No. 758,225. A. VANDERBEOK.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.10, 1903.

2 SHBETS-SHEET 1.

F0 MODEL.

m w W ERS co. FNOTO LIYNO WASHINGTON n c PATBNTED APR. 26, 1904.

A. VANDERBEGK.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

. APPLICATION IILBDOOT. 0, 1903.

. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented April 26, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 758,225, dated April 26, 1904.

Application filed October 10, 1903. Serial No. 176,534. (No model.)

1 0 all 1071,0772 it 77LltZ/ concern:

Be it known that I. ALEXIS VANDERBECK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Roseland, in the county of Cherokee and State of Kansas, have invented a new and useful Electric Motor, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to anovel electric engine or motor, the object being to produce a simple and inexpensive motor designed particularly for the translation of electrical energy in the form of a current of comparatively low voltage and capable of being used for the operation of light machinery of various kinds, such as printing-presses, pumps, fans, and the like.

The motor is of that type which embodies alternately-energized magnets whose armatures are connected with a common power element to which continuous movement is transmitted from said armatures, and one of the novel features embodies an arrangement of magnets whereby the attractive force of unlike poles and the repellent force oflike poles will be simultaneously utilized.

Another feature of the invention resides in a novel arrangement whereby the current is automatically switched from one side to the other of the motor and in the provision of means whereby the motor may be reversed by changing the sequence in which the magnets at the opposite sides of the motor are placed in circuit.

Other objects of the invention and novel features of construction are hereinafter described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and defined in the appended claims.

In the said drawings, Figurel is a side elevation of the motor complete. Fig. 2 is a front view thereof. Fig. 3 is avertical sectional view with certain of the parts shown in elevation. Fig. 4c is a detail sectional view of one of the auxiliary magnets. Fig. 5 isa detail view of one of the switch-contacts and its mounting. Fig. 6 is a detached perspective view of the reversing mechanism, and Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of the supportingbracket for the automatic switch and the reversing mechanism.

Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in the several views.

The frame 1 of the motor may be of any desired construction and material; but by preference it comprises parallel side plates 2 and 3, rigidly connected by transverse braces 4 and by a suitable base 5, in which the power or motor shaft 6 is afforded bearings. Each side plate of the frame 1 is provided with a vertical opening or slot 7 for the reception of the primary operating parts of the structure. Within these slots adjacent to the top of the frame are supported by suitable brackets 8 a pair of primary magnets 9and 10, preferably having hollow cores 11, which facilitate demagnetization. The primary magnets 9 and 10 are designed to alternately attract armatures 12 and 13 in the form of soft-iron heads secured at the upper ends of rods or stems 14, secured at their lower extremities to cross-heads 15, arranged to reciprocate within suitable guides 16, located in the opposite walls of the slots or openings 7, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. To these cross-heads 15 are connected the upper ends of pitmen 16 and 17, attached at their lower extremities to the oppositely-disposed cranks 18 and 19 of the shaft 6. (See Fig. 3.) The alternate attraction of the armatures 12 and 13 by the primary magnets will obviously effect the reciprocation of the crossheads 15in opposite directions and will thereby rotate the shaft 6, which motion may be transmitted through the medium of a belt applied to a belt-pulley 20. As heretofore stated, however, this motor is designed particularly foroperation by a current of low voltage, and I therefore make provision by utilizing the repellent force of like poles as well as the attractive force of unlike poles. To the attainment of this end I mount below the primary magnets 9 and 10 a pair of auxiliary electromagnets 21 and 22, through the hollow or cylindrical cores 23 of which the rods or stems 14 of the armatures 12 and 13 are passed axially. The upper ends of the magnets of each pair are then-connected by an unwound leg 24, each of which is secured at one end to the upper extremity or pole of a primary magnet and at its opposite end to the similar pole of the adjacent secondary magnet. The manner of effecting this connection is not material; but by preference the opposite ends of the legs 2a are provided with eyes and 26, the upper eye encircling the upper ends of the cores of the primary magnets and the lower eyes encircling thimbles 27, screwed into the opposite ends of the cores 23 of the secondary magnets and constituting bearings for the rods 14. By the arrangement described it will be seen that the armatures 12 and 13 and their rods constitute plungers, serving in particular as cores for the auxiliary magnets. WVhen, therefore, a current is passed through a pair of magnets that is to say, a primary and secondary magnet "the latter will magnetize the armature, which will therefore be of like polarity with the adjacent end of the secondary magnet and of unlike polarity with respect to the adjacent end of the primary magnet. Obviously, therefore, the power of both magnets will be utilized to move the armature in one direction, said armature being attracted by the primary magnet and repelled by the secondary or auxiliary magnet.

Having now described the primary operat ing elements of the motor, it is in order to ex plain the means whereby a circuit is closed through the magnets at the opposite sides of the motor in alternation.

Mounted Within the frame and disposed transversely thereof is a supporting-bracket 28 (shown in detail in Fig. 7) and having the general form of an arch bolted at its opposite ends to the sides of the motor-frame and formed with bearing parts to be referred to. Hingedl y mounted upon the bracket or arch 28 adjacent to the opposite sides of the motor are contactsupports 29, yieldingly sustained in their horizontal positions by springs 30 and having their inner ends 31 disposed to bear against the arch 28, as shown in Fig. 5, for the purpose of limiting the upward movement of the supports. The supports 29 carry vertically-adjustable contact members or clips 32 and 33, the threaded shanks 34 of which are screwed into the supports. it may be stated at this point, however, that these contact members are shown merely as a disclosure of one way in which the invention may be practiced, since the construction of the clips and the means whereby they may be ad justed with respect to their supports is susceptible of wide variation. Cooperatively related to the clips 32 and 33 are conlJlCl) members or blades 35 and 36, depending from the opposite ends of a switch-lever or commutator 37,1ncdially pivoted in the bracket 28, as indicated at 38, and designed to be rocked for the purpose of alternately presenting the blades 35 and 36 in electrical contact with the contact-clips 32 and 33. The switchlever or commutator 37 is constructed of hard wood, preferably ebony, and is arranged to be operated by suitable means, which is in turn operated by the armatu res. This switchoperating means includes an actuator in the formof a rocker 39, medially pivoted upon the bracket 28 and in a plane above the switcharm, each end. of the rocker 39 being bifurcated to accommodate one of the pitmen, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and connected to the adjacent cross-head 15 by links 40. Just as the armature at one side of the motor reaches the upper limit of its movement the end of the rocker at the opposite side of the motor will contact with the adjacent end of the switch lever and will rock the same to bring the contact element at that side of the machine into engagement and to move the contact-blade at the opposite side of the machine out of con tact with its clip, it being noted that buffers 41 are interposed between the switch-arm and the rocker to minimize the possibility of dorangement of the parts.

The wiring of the motor is arranged as follows: From a suitable source of electrical energy-- as, for instance, a battery A--a feedwire a (in which is interposed a resistance box or controller B) is led to the contact-blades 35 and 36, the branches of the wire (I, by means of which these connections are effected, being indicated by 7) and c. The lower terminals (1 c of the windings of the auxiliary magnets 21 and 22 are connected, respectively, with the clips 32 and 33, the upper terminals of said windings being connected by wirosfg with the lower terminals of the windings of the primary magnets 9 and 10, the upper terminals of which are connected to a common return-wire 71 leading back to the battery A and having interposed therein a knifeswitch (1 for stopping and starting the motor. Assuming the parts to be in the positions indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the circuit is as follows: from battery A, line-wire u, resistance-box B, and branch wire 0 to contact-blade 36, thence to clip with which the blade is in contact, wire (a, thence through the windings of the secondary and primary magnets at the right-hand side of the motor to retnrn-wire it and back to the battery. The armature at the right-hand side of the motor being attracted by the primary magnet and repelled by the secondary or auxiliary magnet will rise, the elevation of the cross-head connected thereto serving to swing the rocker 39. The lost motion of the rocker will permit considerable movement of the armature before the switch-lever is actuated; but just as the armature reaches the upperlimit of its movement the descending end of the rocker at the opposite side of the motor will come in contact with the adjacent end of the switchlcver and will vibrate the latter to open the circuit, which includes the two magnets at the right-hand side of the motor, by separating the contact elements 33 and 36 and to close a circuit through the magnets at the lefthand side of the motor by bringing the contact-blade 35 into engagement with the clip 32-. The circuit will now be as follows: from battery A to line-wire (L and branch wire 6 to contact 35, thence to contact 32 through the terminal wire (Z, the windings of the secondary and primary magnets atthe left-hand side of the motor and back to the battery through the common return-wire h. The armature at the left-hand side of the motor will now ascend, and in due course the switch will be operated to cut out the magnets 21 and 9 and to close the circuits through the magnets 22 and 10.

The construction thus far described constitutes a complete embodiment of my invention in one aspect thereof; but a further development embraces the addition of reversing mechanism by means of which the sequence in which the opposite sides of the motor are brought into action may be altered to effect the reverse rotation of the motor-shaft. This reversing mechanism is in the form of a simple device, which may be manually operated to reverse the position of the switch-lever independently of the actuator or rocker 39. Upon an arm 42, extending horizontally from the bracket 28, is pivoted a reversing-lever 43, having its inner end connected to a pair of crank-shafts 44 and 45 by means of connecting-rods 46. The crank-shafts 44 and 45 are mounted in suitable bearings 47 on the bracket 28, and the cranks 48 and 49 thereof are opposed to the under side of the switch-lever at opposite sides of its fulcrum. In the normal positions of these cranks the switch-lever is permitted to oscillate without interference; but by swinging the reversing-lever to one side or the other one or the other of the cranks 48 or 49 will be swung up for the purpose of raising the depressed end of the switch-lever to open the circuit at one side of the machine and to close it through the other side thereof. It will of course be understood that this reversal of the motor will be efIected'while the rocker 39 is in a substantially horizontal position, at which time the cranks 18 and 19 will likewise be disposed horizontally at opposite sides of the axis of the shaft 6. Assuming then that one of the armatures is moving up and the other down, it will be obvious that a reversal of the switchdever will cut out those magnets which are effecting the elevation of an armature and will close the circuit through the magnets at the opposite side of the ma chine, thus causing the descending armature to begin its ascent before the limit of its downward movement is reached, the effect of which will obviously be to reverse the motor. Obviously the power of the motor may be multiplied by increasing the number of magnet sets.

It is thought that from the foregoing the construction, operation, and many advantages of my improved electric motor or en,- gine will be apparent to those skilled in the the magnets to be polarized thereby, and

means operated by said armature for cutting the magnets out of circuit.

2. In an electric motor, the combination with electromagnets, armatures operatively related thereto and a motor-shaft operatively connected to the armatures; of a source of electric energy, an oscillatory commutator for putting the magnets alternately in circuit with said source, and a rocker operated by the armatures to oscillate the commutator.

3. In an electric motor, the combination with electromagnets, armatures therefor and a motor-shaft operatively connected with the armatures; .of an oscillatory commutator, and a rocker disposed to oscillate the commutator and having its opposite ends operatively connected to the armatures.

4. In an electric motor, the combination with electromagnets, armatures therefor and a motor-shaft operatively connected with the armatures; of a supporting-bracket, contact elements mounted thereon, an oscillatory commutator having terminal contact elements arranged to engage those mounted on the bracket, and a rocker operated by the armatures and disposed to alternately engage the opposite ends of the commutator to oscillate the same.

5. In an electricmotor, the combination with electromagnets, armatures therefor, and a motor-shaft operatively connected with the armatures; of a bracket, fixed contacts, a mediallypivoted commutator and a medially-pivoted rocker, all mounted on the bracket, contact elements located at the ends of the commu tator and disposed to engage the contact elements on the bracket, and means operatively 7 7. In an electric motor, the combination with r a plurality of pairs of electromagnets, each pa1r having their unlike poles opposed; of armatures, each movable between the opposed poles of a pair of magnets, a motor-shaft operatively connected with the several armatures, and an oscillatory commutator operatively related to the armaturcs and arranged to close a circuit through the several pairs of magnets in succession.

8. In an electric motor, the combination with a plurality of pairs of electromagnets, each pair having its unlike poles opposed; of a plurality of armaturcs, each having one end movable between the opposed poles of a pair of magnets and arranged to be polarized by one of the magnets, an oscillatory commutator for closing a circuit through the several pairs of magnets in succession and a rocker operated by the armaturcs to oscillate the commutator.

9. In an electriemotor, the combination with a plurality of pairs of electromagnets having their unlike poles opposed; of a plurality of armaturcs, each of which constitutes the movable core of one magnet and has one end movable between the unlike poles of the pair of magnets with which it is associated, an oscillatory commutator for closing the circuit through the several pairs of magnets in succession, and a rocker disposed to oscillate the commutator and having its opposite ends operatively connected With different armaturcs.

10. In an electric motor, the combination with a frame, eleetromagnets mounted in the opposite sides thereof, armaturcs for said magnets and the motor-shafts operatively connected with the armatures; of a bracket carried by the frame, yielding supports carried by the brackets, contact-clips adjustably carried by said brackets, a medially-pivoted oscillatory commutator mounted in the bracket and having terminal contact-blades arranged to engage the clips, and means operated by the armatures for oscillating the commutator.

11. In an electric motor, the combination with magnets, armatu res therefor and a motorshaft operatively connected with the armatures; of a commutator operated by the armaturcs .to close the circuit through the magnets in succession, and reversing mechanism associated with the commutator.

12. In an electric motor, the combination with magnets, armaturcs therefor, and a motor-shaftoperatively connected with the armatures; of an oscillatory commutator, means op erated by the armaturcs for oscillating the commutator, and independent means for moving the commutator to reverse the motor.

13. In an electric motor, the combination with magnets, armaturcs therefor, and a motor-shaft operatively connected with the armatures; of an oscillatory commutator operated by the armaturcs, and independent means for oscillating the commutator to effect the roversal of the motor.

14.. In an electric motor, the combination with magnets, ariinatures therefor, and a motor-shaft operatively connected with the armatures; of an oscillatory commutator operated by the armaturcs, and independent means for oscillating the commutator to effect the reversal of the motor, said reversing means including crank-shafts operativel y related to the opposite ends of the commutator and an operating element common to both crank-shafts.

15. In an electric motor, the combination with a plurality of pairs of electromagnets, each pair having unlike opposed poles, of a plurality of armaturcs, each having one end movable between the opposed poles of a pair of magnets and each extended through one magnet to be polarized thereby, and means operated by the armaturcs for closing a circuit through the several pairs of magnets in succession.

16. In an electric motor, the combination with electromagnets, armaturcs operatively related thereto, and a suitable source of electrical energy, of a commutator for putting the magnets alternately in circuit with said source of electrical energy, and a member operated by each of the armaturcs alternately to move the commutator.

17. In an electric motor, the combination with electroniagnets, and armaturcs therefor, of suitable electrical connections, a commutator, and a rocker disposed to operate the commutator and connected to the armaturcs for operation thereby.

18. In an electric motor, the combination with a plurality of pairs of electromagnets, each pair having their unlike poles opposed, of armatures, each movable between the opposed poles of a pair of magnets, a motorshaft having operative connection with the several armaturcs, a commutator operatively related to the armaturcs and arranged toelose a circuit through the several pairs of magnets in succession, and reversing mechanism associated with the commutator to reverse the position thereof.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto alIiXed my signature in LYNES IVIORGAN, \VM. \V I LsoN.

ICC 

